可再生能源与热泵耦合压缩空气储能系统工程实践及性能优化路径%Engineering practice and performance co-optimization pathways for renewable energy-coupled and heat pump-integrated compressed air energy storage systems
中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院 河南省科学院物理研究所 中电建新能源集团股份有限公司
2026-04-07
压缩空气储能 可再生能源 热泵耦合 系统性能 多能互补 余热回收
压缩空气储能(CAES)技术作为支撑高比例可再生能源并网和实现"双碳"目标的关键大规模储能方案,通过与风能、水能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能、氢能及热泵的耦合实现系统性能跃升.本文系统回顾了多能耦合机制:风电/光伏-CAES通过功率平滑提升并网率至71%;抽水蓄能耦合压缩空气储能电站突破地理约束,提高装机规模;光热-CAES通过太阳能直接辅热提升膨胀机入口温度;生物质/地热耦合实现燃料替代与冷热电联供;氢能耦合通过冷能协同与氢燃发电实现高效储能;热泵在串联耦合中回收膨胀排气余热、压缩余热及工艺废热等驱动蒸气压缩/吸收式循环,系统效率提升3.75%~29.96%,在并联耦合中消纳弃风并解耦热电联产限制.性能分析表明,效率差异源于热回收优化程度(如热泵耦合COP>3)与系统集成复杂度,经济性受设备投资与场景适配性制约.尽管面临储气库密封疲劳、热管理熵增损耗、热泵-余热动态匹配难题 等瓶颈,未来需发展仿生密封材料、超临界CO2循环及热泵-CAES智能算法,通过政策与标准体系推动规模化高价值应用.%Compressed air energy storage(CAES)is a vital technology for large-scale energy storage,facilitating the integration of high levels of renewable energy and helping to achieve carbon peak and neutrality goals.Integrating CAES with wind,hydropower,solar,biomass,geothermal,hydrogen,and heat pump energy significantly enhances system performance.This systematic review examines several multi-energy coupling mechanisms.For instance,wind/solar-CAES improves grid integration rates to 71%through power smoothing.PH-CAES overcomes geographical constraints and boosts installed capacity.Solar thermal-CAES raises the expander inlet temperature through direct solar auxiliary heating.Biomass/geothermal coupling achieves fuel substitution and enables combined cooling,heating,and power generation.Hydrogen-CAES improves energy storage efficiency by synergistically utilizing cold energy and hydrogen combustion for power generation.In series coupling,heat pumps recover waste heat from sources,including the expansion exhaust and compression processes as well as process waste heat,to drive vapor compression or absorption cycles,resulting in a system efficiency increase of 3.75%—29.96%.In parallel coupling,heat pumps utilize curtailed wind power and decouple combined heat and power constraints.Performance analysis reveals that efficiency variations derive from the extent of heat recovery optimization(e.g.,heat pump COP>3)and the complexity of system integration.Economic viability is affected by equipment investment and adaptability to different scenarios.Despite challenges such as air storage reservoir sealing fatigue,increased entropy losses in thermal management,and difficulties in dynamically aligning heat pumps with waste heat sources,future advancements should focus on developing biomimetic self-healing sealing materials,supercritical CO2 cycles,and intelligent heat pump-CAES coordination algorithms.These developments must be supported by policy and standardization frameworks to foster large-scale,high-value applications.
