人乳寡糖的生物合成与功能%Biosynthesis and functions of human milk oligosaccharides
郑州大学公共卫生学院 郑州大学第一临床医学院 河南省科学院生物医学研究所 中科耐迪（杭州）生物技术股份有限公司
2026-03-12
人乳寡糖 生理功能 生物合成 微生物发酵 代谢工程
人乳寡糖是母乳中独特的功能性寡糖,具有益生、免疫调节、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性,在维护健康方面发挥着重要作用.由于化学合成难度高、天然提取产量低,人乳寡糖的规模化生产成为合成生物学与食品科学的交叉研究热点.本文对人乳寡糖的生理功能与应用潜力进行了总结,对其生物合成技术进行了重点介绍.在代谢工程的基础上,选择大肠杆菌等工程菌作为底盘细胞利用合成生物学技术显著提高了人乳寡糖的产量.人乳寡糖的生物合成及推广应用,可为食品及制药工业新产品的开发提供新的挑战与机遇.%Human milk oligosaccharides are unique functional oligosaccharides found in human milk.They possess various biological activities such as health-benefiting,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and antitumor activities,thus playing an important role in maintaining health.Due to the high difficulty of chemical synthesis and the low yield from natural extraction,the scaled-up production of human milk oligosaccharides has become a hot research topic of both synthetic biology and food science.In this article,we summarize the physiological functions and application potential of human milk oligosaccharides,with a focus on their biosynthetic technologies.On the basis of metabolic engineering,different chassis cells such as Escherichia coli are selected to significantly increase the yield of human milk oligosaccharides via synthetic biology techniques.The biosynthesis and promotion of human milk oligosaccharides will present new challenges and opportunities for the development of new products in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
