电解液中添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对电解精炼铜中铜离子沉积行为和银含量的影响%Effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in electrolyte on copper ion deposition and silver impurity in electrorefined copper
河南省科学院材料研究所,河南 郑州 450001;河南省先进导体材料重点实验室,河南 郑州 450001;河南省特种铜加工材工程研究中心,河南 郑州 450001 河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,河南 洛阳 471023 河南中原黄金冶炼厂有限责任公司,河南 三门峡 472100 河南省科学院材料研究所,河南 郑州 450001;河南省先进导体材料重点实验室,河南 郑州 450001;河南省特种铜加工材工程研究中心,河南 郑州 450001;河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,河南 洛阳 471023
2025-06-01
电解铜 添加剂 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 阴极极化 电结晶 银杂质 电流效率
[目的]为降低阴极铜中的银含量,提升企业对银的回收率,在高银阳极铜电解精炼过程中引入添加剂来实现阴极铜中银含量的控制.[方法]在由58.5 g/L CuSO4?5H2O、180 g/L浓H2SO4和0~1.8 g/L AgNO3组成的电解液中添加0~7.5 mg/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、辉光放电质谱仪(GD-MS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电化学测试手段,探究了CTAB对铜离子沉积行为、阴极铜的表面形貌和银含量,以及电流效率的影响.[结果]CTAB在铜电解精炼过程中通过对铜的沉积产生阴极极化来改变铜电结晶的沉积形貌和动力学行为,实现了细化铜结晶颗粒和减少阴极铜中银杂质的含量.当CTAB的质量浓度为5.0 mg/L时,成功地将阴极铜中的银含量从20 g/t降低至1.9 g/t,电流效率只下降5个百分点左右.[结论]在电解铜电解液中适当添加CTAB能有效降低阴极铜中贵金属银的含量.%[Objective]To reduce the silver content in cathode copper and enhance the recovery rate of silver,an additive was introduced during the electrorefining of high-silver anode copper to control the silver content in cathode copper.[Method]Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)at mass concentrations of 0-7.5 mg/L was added to an electrolyte composed of 58.5 g/L CuSO4?5H2O,180 g/L concentrated H2SO4,and 0-1.8 g/L AgNO3.The effect of CTAB on the deposition behavior of copper ions,surface morphology and silver content of cathode copper,as well as current efficiency were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),glow discharge mass spectrometry(GD-MS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and electrochemical testing methods.[Result]CTAB altered the deposition morphology and kinetics of copper electrocrystallization by causing cathodic polarization during copper electrorefining,achieving the refinement of copper crystalline particles and reduction of silver impurities in cathode copper.When the mass concentration of CTAB was 5.0 mg/L,the silver content in cathode copper was successfully reduced from 20 g/t to 1.9 g/t,with only an approximate 5-percentage-point decrease in current efficiency.[Conclusion]Appropriate addition of CTAB to the electrolyte for electrolytic copper refining can effectively reduce the content of precious silver in cathode copper.
