西安市学校空间分布特征及影响因素%Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of schools in Xi'an City
河南省科学院地理研究所,河南郑州 450052 铭信工程咨询有限公司,河南郑州 450052 自然资源部第一地形测量队,陕西西安 710000
2025-11-19
兴趣点(POI) 核密度分析 最邻近指数 地理探测器 西安市
科学识别西安市学校的空间分布与集聚特征是优化资源配置的重要部分.以西安市学校的兴趣点(POI)数据为研究对象,利用核密度分析和最邻近指数等方法探究学校空间分布特征,并用地理探测器识别其驱动因素.结果表明:1)西安市学校空间分布整体呈现"北多南少,西密东疏"的特点,空间上表现为"1个超高密度核心区、1个高密度核心区"的空间分布格局;2)长安区学校数量最多,阎良区学校最少,各区学校数量相差较大;3)西安市不同类型学校在空间呈现聚类分布模式,整体呈现"核心—次核心"的空间分布特征,次核心围绕核心布局,并随城市中心向外围逐步延展;4)西安市学校空间分布是人口、社会经济和政策共同作用的结果,人口和社会经济是主要影响因素,交互作用下人口的影响程度最为显著.研究结果可为西安市学校合理布局提供理论依据.%Scientific identification of the spatial distribution and agglomeration characteristics of schools in Xi'an City is an important part of optimizing the allocation of resources.By taking the point of interest(POI)data of schools in Xi'an City as the research object,the spatial distribution characteristics of schools were explored by means of kernel density analysis and nearest neighbor index,and the driving factors were identified by geographic detector.The results show that:1)The schools in Xi'an City are more distributed in the north and the west and less in the south and the east,showing a spatial distribution pattern of"one ultra-high density core area and one high-density core area";2)Chang'an District has the largest number of schools,while Yanliang District has the smallest number of schools,indicating a significant difference;3)Different types of schools in Xi'an City present a spatial clustering distribution pattern,with the overall spatial distribution characteristics rang-ing from"core to sub-core".The sub-cores are distributed around the core and extend from the urban center to the periphery;4)The spatial distribution of schools in Xi'an City is the result of the combined effects of population,social economy,and policies.Population and social economy are the main influencing factors,and the influence of population under the interac-tion effect is the most significant.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the rational distribution of schools in Xi'an City.
