土壤有机质含量与粮食单产的相关性分析-以河南省兰考县为例%Correlation Analysis Between Soil Organic Matter Content and Grain Yield:A Case Study of Lankao County in Henan
河南省科学院地理研究所 河南省科发地理研究所有限公司
2024-12-10
耕地质量等别 土壤有机质含量 粮食产量 相关性 临界值 趋势分析法
通过分析土壤有机质含量对粮食单产的影响方式和程度，为耕地土壤测土配方施肥工作中有机质含量的确定提供理论参考，也为粮食生产中的降本增效提供相关建议。以兰考县为例，用3种方式对样点进行处理，分别采用趋势分析法，在散点图中添加拟合曲线，系统研究了2019年耕地质量等别成果中的土壤有机质含量因素和当年203个行政村粮食单产的相关关系，分析了土壤有机质含量对粮食单产的影响。结果表明：粮食单产不会随土壤有机质含量的增加而一直增加，二者的关系在图形上呈开口向下的抛物线形态，理论上存在一个能让粮食单产达到最大值的土壤有机质含量临界值。根据3种拟合曲线，计算出兰考县的土壤有机质含量临界值在12.50～13.00 g/kg之间。参考《高标准农田建设通则》(GB/T 30600—2022)中的相关要求，经过验算和分析，将兰考县土壤有机质含量的临界值确定为15.00 g/kg。建议不同的地区要根据自身情况严格论证土壤有机质含量的临界值，当有机质含量达到临界值后，可以适当减少有机质方面的投入，降低粮食生产成本，同时也不会因过多增加土壤有机质含量而影响粮食产量。%By analyzing the influence mode and degree of soil organic matter content on grain yield per unit area,the study provides a theoretical reference for the determination of organic matter content in soil testing and formula fertilization of cultivated land,and also provides relevant suggestions for cost reduction and efficiency increase in grain production.This paper took Lancao County of Henan Province as an example,the influence of soil organic matter content on grain yield was assessed by using trend and fitting correlation analysis,based on the existing annual renewal evaluation results of farmland quality of 203 administrative villages(2019).The results showed that grain yield would not increase continuously with the increase of soil organic matter content.There existed a critical value of soil organic matter content that could maximize the grain yield per unit area,so the relationship between the two showed a downward parabolic shape on the fitted curve.According to the three fitting curves,the critical value of soil organic matter content was calculated to be between 12.50-13.00 g/kg in Lankao County.The critical value of soil organic matter content in Lankao County was determined to be 15.00 g/kg by referring to the relevant requirements in the"Well-facilitated farmland construction-General rules"(GB/T 30600-2022).It was recommended that soil improvement should be tailored to the actual conditions.Once the soil organic matter content reached the ideal level,it was advisable to reduce the application of organic amendments in order to improve cost-effectiveness and efficiency in crop production.
